2,722 research outputs found
Mesure des modules viscoélastiques d'un polypropylène lors d'un refroidissement et d'un changement de phase
International audienceLa rhéologie d'un polypropylène de grade injection a été mesurée sur un rhéomètre plan - plan lors d'un refroidissement depuis l'état fondu jusqu'au début de la solidification. Ce type de donnée est important en particulier lorsque l'on s'intéresse aux contraintes résiduelles prenant naissance à la solidification. Un outillage plan - plan rainuré a été monté sur un rhéomètre asservi en contrainte. Le rainurage limite le phénomène de glissement qui interviendrait sur un matériau solidifié. On a ainsi pu mesurer les températures de transition lors de la cristallisation. Un point de gel a pu être mis en évidence au début de la cristallisation pour des vitesses de refroidissement de 2°C par minute. Le dispositif a également pu être évalué dans le sens de la fusion du matériau solidifié. Des expériences complémentaires ont été conduites en calorimétrie pour valider les températures de transitions obtenues.Des vitesses de refroidissement plus élevées ont permis de mesurer l'évolution des modules en fonction des conditions de refroidissement = The rheology of an injection grade polypropylene was measured in a plate plate rheometer during cooling from the melt to the beginning of solidification. These results are particularly important when we are interested by the construction of residual stresses during solidification. A grooved tool was mounted on a tresscontrolled rheometer. The grooves limit the slippage which happened on a solid. We measured the transition temperature during crystallisation. A gel point is observed for a cooling rate of 2°C by minute. The fixture is also evaluated for melting. Differential Scanning Calorimetry was also used for validation of the transition temperatures. Higher cooling rates permitted the measurement of modulus versus cooling conditions
Electron Transport in Hybrid Ferromagnetic/Superconducting Nanostructures
We observe large amplitude changes in the resistance of ferromagnetic (F)
wires at the onset of superconductivity of adjacent superconductors (S). New
sharp peaks of large amplitude are found in the magnetoresistance of the
F-wires. We discuss a new mechanism for the long-range superconducting
proximity effect in F/S nanostructures based on the analysis of the topologies
of actual Fermi-surfaces in ferromagnetic metals.Comment: 7 pages in LaTeX, 5 eps figures. Submitted to the Proceedings of
MS200
Scaling of spontaneous rotation with temperature and plasma current in tokamaks
Using theoretical arguments, a simple scaling law for the size of the
intrinsic rotation observed in tokamaks in the absence of momentum injection is
found: the velocity generated in the core of a tokamak must be proportional to
the ion temperature difference in the core divided by the plasma current,
independent of the size of the device. The constant of proportionality is of
the order of . When the
intrinsic rotation profile is hollow, i.e. it is counter-current in the core of
the tokamak and co-current in the edge, the scaling law presented in this
Letter fits the data remarkably well for several tokamaks of vastly different
size and heated by different mechanisms.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Gyrokinetic analysis and simulation of pedestals, to identify the culprits for energy losses using fingerprints
Fusion performance in tokamaks hinges critically on the efficacy of the Edge
Transport Barrier (ETB) at suppressing energy losses. The new concept of
fingerprints is introduced to identify the instabilities that cause the
transport losses in the ETB of many of today's experiments, from widely posited
candidates. Analysis of the Gyrokinetic-Maxwell equations, and gyrokinetic
simulations of experiments, find that each mode type produces characteristic
ratios of transport in the various channels: density, heat and impurities.
This, together with experimental observations of transport in some channel, or,
of the relative size of the driving sources of channels, can identify or
determine the dominant modes causing energy transport. In multiple ELMy H-mode
cases that are examined, these fingerprints indicate that MHD-like modes are
apparently not the dominant agent of energy transport; rather, this role is
played by Micro-Tearing Modes (MTM) and Electron Temperature Gradient (ETG)
modes, and in addition, possibly Ion Temperature Gradient (ITG)/Trapped
Electron Modes (ITG/TEM) on JET. MHD-like modes may dominate the electron
particle losses. Fluctuation frequency can also be an important means of
identification, and is often closely related to the transport fingerprint. The
analytical arguments unify and explain previously disparate experimental
observations on multiple devices, including DIII-D, JET and ASDEX-U, and
detailed simulations of two DIII-D ETBs also demonstrate and corroborate this
Toy models of crossed Andreev reflection
We propose toy models of crossed Andreev reflection in multiterminal hybrid
structures containing out-of-equilibrium conductors. We apply the description
to two possible experiments: (i) to a device containing a large quantum dot
inserted in a crossed Andreev reflection circuit. (ii) To a device containing
an Aharonov-Bohm loop inserted in a crossed Andreev reflection circuit.Comment: 5 pages, 9 figures, minor modification
Effect of toroidal field ripple on plasma rotation in JET
Dedicated experiments on TF ripple effects on the performance of tokamak plasmas have been carried out at JET. The TF ripple was found to have a profound effect on the plasma rotation. The central Mach number, M, defined as the ratio of the rotation velocity and the thermal velocity, was found to drop as a function of TF ripple amplitude (3) from an average value of M = 0.40-0.55 for operations at the standard JET ripple of 6 = 0.08% to M = 0.25-0.40 for 6 = 0.5% and M = 0.1-0.3 for delta = 1%. TF ripple effects should be considered when estimating the plasma rotation in ITER. With standard co-current injection of neutral beam injection (NBI), plasmas were found to rotate in the co-current direction. However, for higher TF ripple amplitudes (delta similar to 1%) an area of counter rotation developed at the edge of the plasma, while the core kept its co-rotation. The edge counter rotation was found to depend, besides on the TF ripple amplitude, on the edge temperature. The observed reduction of toroidal plasma rotation with increasing TF ripple could partly be explained by TF ripple induced losses of energetic ions, injected by NBI. However, the calculated torque due to these losses was insufficient to explain the observed counter rotation and its scaling with edge parameters. It is suggested that additional TF ripple induced losses of thermal ions contribute to this effect
- …